Transforming Urban Mobility in Africa: A Pathway to Equitable and Sustainable Cities

African cities are at a critical juncture, facing unique mobility challenges shaped by rapid urbanisation. The transportation sector, which plays a critical role in the economic, social, and environmental landscape of these cities, is struggling to integrate within outdated planning models, insufficient infrastructure, and rising road safety concerns. Yet, with these challenges come opportunities to redesign urban mobility systems that are equitable and sustainable for people and the planet.

Increasing populations in African cities greatly influence land use patterns, often resulting in a mismatch with previously envisioned urban planning frameworks. Furthemore, the development pathways of most African cities still favour a car-centric paradigm, in which urban master plans locate living areas far removed from places of employment and recreation, premised on outdated ideals of a modern, clean and ordered city which has led to sprawling cities (ICLEI Africa, 2020). This outdated approach has not only perpetuated spatial inequalities but also hindered the development of sustainable and efficient public transport systems. Therefore, places and opportunities become increasingly inaccessible since urban frameworks do not cater for current and future trends of urban expansion in these areas, resulting in inadequate service delivery and infrastructure. Unplanned settlements continue to emerge, without supporting transport infrastructure.  

Failure to prioritise sustainable urban mobility could lock African cities into patterns that threaten long-term socio-economic development and climate resilience. The majority of people affected are the most vulnerable, lower income groups as well as people living with disabilities. As urban expansion outpaces formal planning, leaving gaps in service delivery and infrastructure, there needs to be a rethink of the models that support mobility in cities for all. A fundamental shift is required that looks beyond improving transport infrastructure. It’s about reimagining how cities connect residential and non-residential areas, while prioritising people-centric, low-carbon mobility solutions. 

Aligning urban mobility strategies with international frameworks like the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the Paris Agreement could help to ensure that cities not only reduce their environmental impact but also improve the quality of life for all residents. Mobility in Africa needs to take a more holistic approach that goes beyond simply the financing of large scale infrastructure. Creating an enabling environment between actors involved in policy and practice is imperative for a coordinated approach that encourages alternative strategies and better implementation. In transforming urban mobility in Africa, the following approaches could be considered;